基本的 JOIN 语法如下:
SELECT columns
FROM table1
JOIN table2 ON table1.column_name = table2.column_name;
- columns: 要检索的列的名称。
- table1, table2: 要连接的表的名称。
- table1.column_name = table2.column_name: 连接条件,指定两个表之间的关联。
以下是一些 JOIN 的类型:
1. 内连接 (INNER JOIN):
SELECT employees.employee_id, employees.first_name, departments.department_name
FROM employees
INNER JOIN departments ON employees.department_id = departments.department_id;
2. 左连接 (LEFT JOIN 或 LEFT OUTER JOIN):
SELECT employees.employee_id, employees.first_name, departments.department_name
FROM employees
LEFT JOIN departments ON employees.department_id = departments.department_id;
3. 右连接 (RIGHT JOIN 或 RIGHT OUTER JOIN):
SELECT employees.employee_id, employees.first_name, departments.department_name
FROM employees
RIGHT JOIN departments ON employees.department_id = departments.department_id;
4. 全外连接 (FULL JOIN 或 FULL OUTER JOIN):
SELECT employees.employee_id, employees.first_name, departments.department_name
FROM employees
FULL JOIN departments ON employees.department_id = departments.department_id;
连接操作允许你通过共享列值将数据从一个表合并到另一个表,使得可以在查询中获取来自多个表的信息。连接条件是指定如何将两个表的行进行匹配的关键。
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